why was france a threat to elizabeth in 1558 why was france a threat to elizabeth in 1558

What he meant by this was he had inflicted significant temporary damage on the Spanish Armada and it would regrow in time. This was viewed as significant because it was seen as a means to increase trade, to expand Protestantism and to use the area as a base for attacks on Spanish colonies in the New World. There was broad support for the new Settlement and very few refused to take the oath of loyalty to the queen. These problems included Gender, Religion, Finance and Foreign policy. King Phillip II had been married to Queen Mary I of England and the two had been allies in a war against France in the 1550s. What were the causes of westward Boston Spa, As Catholics do not believe in divorce it means that the marriage between Henry and Catherine was never dissolved, and therefore, the marriage with Anne never happened, and as a result of this Elizabeth was an illegitimate child and had no right to the throne of England. Seeing Spain as a threat, Elizabeth tried to form an alliance with France. Elizabeth would receive a share of the privateers profits and as Englands financial situation was poor at the time, this proved to be an incredibly important source of income for the Queen. As the war ended, Philip II of Spain wanted to stay on good . As such, I disagree with the statement. There was a very real risk that he could form an alliance with other Catholic powers such as France and Spain and invade England. Use your outline The Duke of Medina Sidonia sailed up the Channel and anchored at Calais while waiting for reinforcements from the Duke of Parmas troops. he could also overthrow her. From 1566 the Pope had instructed English Catholics to take part in recusancy, and by 1570 a Papal Bull had been issued excommunicating Elizabeth and stating that English Catholics had no need to have loyalty towards their Queen and instead should help overthrow her. "The Scarlet Ibis" would be a different story if it were told from Doodle's point of view. Italian bankers from Genoa had lent Philip II money to fund his campaign in the Netherlands (which was trying to put down the Dutch Revolt). If you would like to change your settings or withdraw consent at any time, the link to do so is in our privacy policy accessible from our home page.. The English had drastically improved their shipbuilding techniques which gave them several technological advantages. Fearful of the wrath of Catholic powerhouses, France and Spain, Elizabeth did not want to be perceived as Europes leading Protestant. Elizabeth was inheriting a terrible situation, which she had to sort out. Podcast: The Life and Significance of Alan Turing, Copyright The Historical Association 2023. The Spanish had planned to come alongside their opponents and attempt to board their ships to try to overcome the enemy through hand-to-hand fighting. Overview of Elizabeth I / Sir Francis Drake and the raid on Cadiz: `Singeing the King of Spains beard. She was able to fight off illness, rebellions . Financial Weakness She was 300,000 in debt. This increased tension between England and Spain. Design engineering imperial 2023 applicants, Border Force Officer - Core and Mobile teams recruitment campaign September 2022. This was a huge sum of money, especially when you consider the annual income of the Crown was approximately 286,000. Spain had become a great military power as Phillip ruled Spain, the Netherlands and parts of Italy. LS23 6AD In 1570, Pope Pius V excommunicated Elizabeth, encouraging Catholics everywhere to rise up and depose the heretic queen. Many people did not want a foreigner influencing England policy. However, the settlement was abandoned and no trace of the colonists was ever found. This was important because it demonstrated the strength of Catholic feeling within England and highlighted how Elizabeth, after 11 years, was still vulnerable to English Catholics. One way in which Mary was central to the Catholic threat was through her part in various plots to overthrow Elizabeth. Stimulus = Anne Boleyn / The threat from France, [Examiner commentary following each paragraph and at the end is provided in italics], ____________________________________________________. Over 100,000 of this was owed to the Antwerp Exchange who charged an interest rate of 14%. The defeat of the Northern Earls showed there was little appetite for a Catholic revolution. Born the daughter of Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn on 7 September 1533, Elizabeth's right to rule as queen of England never went unchallenged. The northern nobles felt Elizabeths advisors were responsible for many of these policy changes. This focused on dividing the poor into the able-bodied and the impotent. This established a new Anglo-Scottish peace and also reconfirmed the agreement at Cateau-Cambresis. The relationship with Spain and King Phillip II was at a low point in 1587 as the two countries were at war over the Netherlands. Elizabeth chose to give direct help to the rebels by signing the Treaty of Nonsuch, which placed the Netherlands under her protection and promised military help. Anne Boleyn (L), Henry VIII (C) and Elizabeth I (R) Elizabeth was born on 7th September 1533 to Anne Boleyn and Henry VIII. Instead, both men preferred to negotiate a settlement. - Financial issues may have led to her loosing powerful allies as she could not give important people grant patronages. The most important reason however was a combination of Marys arrival and the Popes interference. On November 1569, the Earls managed to capture Durham and proceeded to celebrate Catholic Mass in the Cathedral before marching south in the direction of Tutbury, Derbyshire where Mary was imprisoned. No Payment details required and completelyRisk Free. J. Her aggressive stance on some issues led to further problems such as those faced in Ireland. Drake also managed to capture a Spanish ship called the. Spain did not control a deep water port where the Armada could anchor safely and this left them extremely vulnerable to an attack while it waited for Parmas troops to escape the Dutch blockade. Some of our partners may process your data as a part of their legitimate business interest without asking for consent. Another suitor for Elizabeth was Prince Eric of Sweden, later King Eric of Sweden. The reasons for, and significance of, Mary Queen of Scots execution in 1587. Norfolk was killed in 1572. This was signed by the English nobility and gentry and required the signatories to execute anyone who attempted to overthrow the Queen. Francis Drake is knighted on the Golden Hind. Elizabeth had taken the decision to arrest any Catholic bishops that did not accept her authority as sovereign over them. Parma and his men, however, were being blockaded by Dutch ships and werent able to reach the coast in time. He was younger than Elizabeth but their union was based on a mutual need for France and England to form an alliance. In 1571, he developed a plot to overthrow Elizabeth using his Catholic contacts in England and Europe. By instinct, Elizabeth was a It had to deal with Irish . Nevertheless, the answer has sustained conceptual focus and is wide-ranging in its analysis. Throughout her reign, Elizabeth was engaged in expensive financial issues, especially foreign policy. The Catholic threat Many Catholics in England were not happy with Elizabeth's Settlement. Register for free, Home / One last thing to consider was the fact that Elizabeth was unmarried and childless. Although her small kingdom was threatened by grave internal divisions, Elizabeth's blend of shrewdness, courage, and majestic self-display inspired ardent expressions of loyalty and helped unify the nation against foreign enemies. 30 ships were destroyed, as well as lots of supplies. Crucially, when the Spanish ships docked in English ports, the gold was seized by Elizabeth. Describe two features of Mary Queen of Scots' threat to Elizabeth I. Company Reg no: 04489574. Thereafter, up to 11,000 English Catholics were either arrested or placed under surveillance. John White led another group to Roanoke, 3 years after the attempt to colonise it. This attack proved to be a major setback for Spanish preparation for the Armada. Foreign threat: Spain and France were the most powerful countries in Europe and were Catholic. She was then third in line behind her Roman Catholic half-sister, Princess Mary. The plan was discovered and the Earls feared being executed for treason, so in a desperate attempt to escape punishment, they rebelled against Elizabeth and tried to overthrow her. From there we will look at the career . The death of Spains leading admiral, Santa Cruz, in February 1588, led to the appointment of the inexperienced Duke of Medina Sidonia to lead the Spanish Armada. Many people refused to recognize Elizabeth as a legitimate heir because her mother was Anne Boleyn, who was Henry VIIIs second wife. The fear of a Catholic uprising and a plot against Elizabeth was a constant threat to her. Northern Rebellion led by Earl of Westmorland. In 1581, Protestant rebels in the Netherlands declared independence from Spain and established a Dutch republic. In 1554 Mary had Elizabeth imprisoned in the Tower of London, briefly threatened her with execution, and then placed her under house arrest. When Elizabeth's reign began in 1558 England was in the middle of a 'mid-Tudor crisis'. The victory over the Spanish boosted Elizabeths popularity and strengthened the Protestant cause as it was a sign that God favoured Protestantism. A very detailed response which demonstrates excellent subject knowledge and reaches a clear judgement based on justifiable criteria. Best Answer. Anne was executed less than three years after Elizabeth's birth. The English sent 8 fireships loaded with flammable materials in the middle of the night towards the anchored Spanish ships. his early wars against France and his championing of Catholic orthodoxy against the teachings of Martin Luther. Answer:Despite initially being a threat to England, civil war in France from 1562 meant the French monarchs were too preoccupied with home affairs to pose a thr eye27 eye27 11.05.2020 West Yorkshire, Therefore, France controlled the whole of the northern coastline and posed a major threat to England. The plan was that 130 ships (equipped with 2431 guns) would sail along the Channel to the Netherlands, where they would pick up 27,000 troops, led by the Duke of Parma. If this union between Scotland and France became something, Spain could help England by attacking France from below. Suitable for the Edexcel GCSE History (9-1) course. Boston Spa, The answer does touch upon the issue of religion but this could be extended further to acknowledge the extensive divisions within society given the preceding tumultuous changes (a brief mention of the role of the puritans for example could help). Probably at the core of Elizabeth's decision to remain single was an unwillingness to compromise her power. There were fewer naval ships anchored there and the port was the centre for a large number of naval supplies which Drake intended to either seize or destroy. How much is the average salary for an overseas dentist? Mary, Queen of Scots, flees from Scotland to England. With the Popes blessing, foreign Catholic priests were smuggled into England with the sole purpose of continuing recusancy amongst the English Catholics and undermining the influence of Protestantism. - Significant political threat as her legitimacy and gender led to people not accepting her as queen. Born: 7 September 1533. Another reason Dudley failed was a number of his officers were divided over questions of strategy. At the beginning of her reign, an obvious candidate for Elizabeth to marry was her half sister's widow, Phillip of Spain. Study notes, videos, interactive activities and more! The Armadas journey back to Spain was a disaster. The features and significance of the Ridolfi, Throckmorton and Babington plots. Mary Queen of Scots was married to . VAT reg no 816865400. Moreover, a child would create more stability domestically and nullify challenges to the throne (like that from Mary Queen of Scots) as a political vacuum would have been filled. First English colony in Virginia established. [Referencing this date is very good, because it demonstrates to the examiner awareness of WHY the question includes this date in the first place. Pope, Head of Catholic church would excommunicate her. There are many reasons for this, including interference in English affairs from the Pope, Elizabeths role in the Dutch revolt (which angered Catholic Spain), Mary Queen of Scots arrival in England in 1568 and the rebellion in 1569 that was led by the Catholic Earls Northumberland and Westmoreland. threats did Elizabeth face in 1558? The plot was uncovered by Sir Francis Walsingham, who intercepted and read Babingtons letters to Mary. Queen Elizabeth and King Phillip II were still reluctant to openly declare war with one another however, in 1585, this changed due to dispute over the Netherlands. Mary served as a permanent reminder at home and abroad that there was a legitimate Catholic heir to the throne and, with the Popes blessing, willing Catholic rebels could convince themselves they were doing Gods work.