Select a subject to preview related courses: The Great Mosque of Kairouan has influenced North African architecture. Kairouan and El Jem Small Group Private Tour from Tunis w/ Lunch. In the middle of nowhere is one of Tunisia's most beautiful and largest (by floor plan) mosques. Great mosque of kairouan 1. Jewel of the art of woodwork produced during the reign of the Zirid prince Al-Mu'izz ibn Badis and dated from the first half of the eleventh century, it is considered the oldest still in place in the Islamic world. [13][14], At the foundation of Kairouan in 670, the Arab general and conqueror Uqba ibn Nafi (himself the founder of the city) chose the site of his mosque in the center of the city, near the headquarters of the governor. [52][57], View of the second and third storeys of the minaret, Close view of one of the Roman stones (with Latin inscriptions) reused at the base of the minaret, Wall and windows of the south facade of the minaret, The Mosque has several domes, the largest being over the mihrab and the entrance to the prayer hall from the courtyard. The portico on the south side of the courtyard, near the prayer hall, includes in its middle a large dressed stone pointed horseshoe arch which rests on ancient columns of white veined marble with Corinthian capitals. However given the natural lay of the land crossed by several tributaries of the wadis, the urban development of the city spread southwards. Its most striking feature is the formal emphasis on the building’s T-like axis punctuated by two domes, one of which hovers over the earliest preserved ensemble of mihrab, minbar, and maqṣūrah. Built on a rectangular plan 125 m long by 75 m wide, the edifice consists of a courtyard and a pillared hall 137 m x 37 m divided into 17 naves and 8 bays. [35] Early in the twentieth century, the Austrian poet Rainer Maria Rilke describes his admiration for the impressive minaret: « Is there a more beautiful than this still preserved old tower, the minaret, in Islamic architecture? It is the oldest minaret in the Muslim world,[53][54] and it is also the world's oldest minaret still standing. Tunis, 1984, Be sure to bring a bunch of cash if you're interested in purchasing Tunisian rugs- they are handmade, traditional crafts of the area and are stunningly beautiful. The intermediary area, the dodecagonal drum of the dome, is pierced by sixteen small rectangular windows set into rounded niches. 's' : ''}}. In 836, Emir Ziyadat Allah I reconstructed the mosque once more:[21] this is when the building acquired, at least in its entirety, its current appearance. [84] This old chair of the ninth century is still in its original location, next to the mihrab. Several centuries after its founding, the Great Mosque of Kairouan is the subject of numerous descriptions by Arab historians and geographers in the Middle Ages. Anyone can earn Sciences, Culinary Arts and Personal Area : 9000m2 Also known as : Mosque of Uqba Plan of Kairouan “one of the oldest places of worship in the Islamic world, as well as a model for all … Those in white marble come from Italy,[60] some shafts located in the area of the mihrab are in red porphyry imported from Egypt,[73] while those made of greenish or pink marble are from quarries of Chemtou, in the north-west of current Tunisia. The first mosque constructed on this site in Kairouan, Tunisia was commissioned by Uqba Ibn Nafi in 670. It can also be referred to as Mosque of Uqba Ibn Nafi, in honor of its original founder. The Great Mosque was literally and figuratively at the center of Kairouan activity, growth, and prestige. {{courseNav.course.mDynamicIntFields.lessonCount}} lessons page 33. The horizontal sundial located in the courtyard, One of the courtyard's capitals surmounted by a small vertical sundial, Detail of arches and columns of the north portico of the courtyard, View of the impluvium which collects the rainwater and feeds the underground cistern, The minaret, which occupies the centre of the northern façade of the complex's enclosure, is 31.5 metres tall and is seated on a square base of 10.7 metres on each side. 1–38, History of Medieval Arabic and Western European domes, Great Mosque of Kairouan (discoverislamicart.org), Great Mosque of Kairouan – Kairouan, Tunisia, The Great Mosque (kairouan-cci2009.nat.tn). [50] There are stone blocks from the Roman period that bear Latin inscriptions. [42] The great central arch of the south portico, is flanked on each side by six rhythmically arranged horseshoe arches, which fall on twin columns backed by pillars. [16] With the gradual increase of the population of Kairouan and the consequent increase in the number of faithful, Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik, Umayyad Caliph in Damascus, charged his governor Bishr ibn Safwan to carry out development work in the city, which included the renovation and expansion of the mosque around the years 724–728. and career path that can help you find the school that's right for you. Get the unbiased info you need to find the right school. Great Mosque of Samarra: Architecture & Facts, Quiz & Worksheet - Kairouan Mosque in Tunisia, Over 83,000 lessons in all major subjects, {{courseNav.course.mDynamicIntFields.lessonCount}}, Umayyad Mosque: Architecture, History & Facts, Minaret: Definition, Design & Architecture, Biological and Biomedical This minaret is a square-plan tower consisting of three superimposed stories of gradual size. It was destroyed and rebuilt in 703 by Hassan Ibn Numan. Its plan is irregular at the level of the north-west wall, undoubtedly because of the topography. Up Next. Log in or sign up to add this lesson to a Custom Course. [89], In addition to studies on the deepening of religious thought and Maliki jurisprudence, the mosque also hosted various courses in secular subjects such as mathematics, astronomy, medicine and botany. The stories concern mainly the different phases of construction and expansion of the sanctuary, and the successive contributions of many princes to the interior decoration (mihrab, minbar, ceilings, etc.). One may enter the prayer hall either from the courtyard or from two side doorways. The Great Mosque of Tlemcen belongs to the same group as the other Almoravid mosques in Algeria, those in Nedroma and Algiers. This irregularity can be explained by the site conditions. [77], The mihrab, which indicates the Qibla (direction of Mecca), in front of which stands the imam during the prayer, is located in the middle of the southern wall of the prayer hall. The university, consisting of scholars who taught in the mosque, was a centre of education both in Islamic thought and in the secular sciences. The meeting of the central nave with the bay along the qibla wall forms a square area in front of the mihrab. You can test out of the Its rich architectural heritage includes the Great Mosque, with its marble and porphyry columns, and the 9th-century Mosque of the Three Gates. The author published this book based on his study of the Mosque between 1931-1934 and 1936. Other scrolls and calligraphic Qur'ans, as that known as the Hadinah's Qur'an, copied and illuminated by the calligrapher Ali ibn Ahmad al-Warraq for the governess of the Zirid prince Al-Muizz ibn Badis at about 1020 AD, were also in the library before being transferred to Raqqada museum. Founder:- Kairouan flourished under the Aghlabid dynasty in the 9th century. Our mission is to provide a free, world-class education to anyone, anywhere. The boards painted under the Hafsid period (during the thirteenth century) offers a floral decor consists of white and blue arches entwined with lobed green. There are large rents for the maintenance of teachers. From the library of the mosque comes a large collection of calligraphic scrolls and manuscripts, the oldest dating back to the second half of the ninth century. Surprisingly, the complex includes the largest collection of Roman and Byzantine capitols compared to any other Muslim building in the world. The Great Mosque was literally and figuratively at the center of Kairouan activity, growth, and prestige. Study.com has thousands of articles about every As with other mosques, Al-Qayrawan consists of a hypostile hall for prayers (Masjid), a courtyard surrounded by covered arched galleries, and a … In the history of Art, its three-storey minaret is considered such a masterpiece and a model among the most prestigious monuments of Muslim architecture. The Mosque of Uqba, one of the few religious buildings of Islam has remained intact almost all of its architectural and decorative elements, is due to the richness of its repertoire which is a veritable museum of Islamic decorative art and architecture. [58] From the outside, the dome of the mihrab is based on an octagonal drum with slightly concave sides, raised on a square base, decorated on each of its three southern, Easter and western faces with five flat-bottomed niches surmounted by five semi-circular arches,[24][58] the niche in the middle is cut by a lobed oculus enrolled in a circular frame. Create your account, Already registered? page 404, Henri Saladin, Tunis et Kairouan, INTRODUCTION This paper undertakes a geometrical and a numerical analysis of some architectural drawings of the Great Mosque of Kairouan, in Tunisia.This mosque was founded around the year 670 A.D.; it is the first mosque in North Africa and the most famous one. Français : Minaret de la Grande Mosquée de Kairouan, Tunisie. [62], The central nave, a sort of triumphal alley which leads to the mihrab,[63] is significantly higher and wider than the other sixteen aisles of the prayer hall. Français : Grande Mosquée (Sidi Okba) , gros plan sur le mihrab. The mosque is about 70 by 125 meters and is an irregular rectangle in plan. Plan_grande_mosquee_kairouan.jpg: Collection personnelle de Bertrand Bouret / *derivative work: Habib M'henni This W3C- unspecified vector image was created with Inkscape . The library window is marked by an elegant setting that has two columns flanking the opening, which is a horseshoe arch topped by six blind arches and crowned by a series of berms sawtooth.[86]. Great mosque of kairouan 1. Be sure to bring a bunch of cash if you're interested in purchasing Tunisian rugs- they are handmade, traditional crafts of the area and are stunningly beautiful. The holy Mosque of Uqba is situated in the city.In 2014, the city had about 186,653 inhabitants.EtymologyThe name GeographyKairouan, the capital of Kairouan Governorate, lies south of Sousse, 50km from the east coast, 75km from Monastir and 184km from Tunis.HistoryBanu Hilal and Banu Sulaym)(Uqba ibn nafée [11] This location corresponded originally to the heart of the urban fabric of the city founded by Uqba ibn Nafi. It has served as a model for others, such as the Zaytuna Mosque located in Tunis. To unlock this lesson you must be a Study.com Member. The mosque has great importance historically because it is the first mosque in the first Muslim town in the West. The coating around them is decorated with blue plant motifs dating from the eighteenth century or the first half of the nineteenth century. Divided into two groups, they are dated from the beginning of the second half of the ninth century but it is not determined with certainty whether they were made in Baghdad or in Kairouan by a Baghdadi artisan, the controversy over the origin of this precious collection agitates the specialists. In the center of the complex is the courtyard which was paved with pottery tiles until the late 1800s. The Great Mosque of Kairouan has become one of the most prominent places of worship in the Muslim world due to its historical significance and architectural influence. [60] Some capitals were carved for the mosque, but others come from Roman or Byzantine buildings (dating from the second to sixth century) and were reused. Notes and References: 1 The French spells it with “k” and without “w” as follows: Kairouan. The Great Mosque isn't close to anything in particular, but it's rich history and unique architecture are worth the long drive. More info. However, it … The transmission of knowledge was assured by prominent scholars and theologians which included Sahnun ibn Sa'id and Asad ibn al-Furat, eminent jurists who contributed greatly to the dissemination of the Maliki thought, Ishaq ibn Imran and Ibn al-Jazzar in medicine, Abu Sahl al-Kairouani and Abd al-Monim al-Kindi in mathematics. The bay along the qibla wall and main longitudinal axis form a T-formation, which was an arrangement typical of the region. Find all the transport options for your trip from Sousse to Great Mosque of Kairouan right here. It is surrounded at its upper part by 139 lusterware tiles (with a metallic sheen), each one is 21.1 centimetres square and they are arranged on the diagonal in a chessboard pattern. A portico with double row of arches precede the spacious prayer hall, which takes the shape of a rectangle of 70.6 metres in width and 37.5 metres' depth. [82] Among all the pulpits of the Muslim world, it is certainly the oldest example of minbar still preserved today. Be sure to bring a bunch of cash if you're interested in purchasing Tunisian rugs- they are handmade, traditional crafts of the area and are stunningly beautiful. Rome2rio is a door-to-door travel information and booking engine, helping you get to and from any location in the world. The Great Mosque of Kairouan: Excellent! The Description of the Kairouan Mosque The mosque had an irregular plan. Among the Western travelers, poets and writers who visited Kairouan, some of them leave impressions and testimonies sometimes tinged with emotion or admiration on the mosque. THE GREAT MOSQUE OF KAIROUAN 2. - See 525 traveller reviews, 788 candid photos, and great deals for Kairouan, Tunisia, at Tripadvisor. 45, n°1, pages 103 and 105, 2007, Okba Ibn Nafaa Mosque in Kairouan (Mosque of Uqba) website, Panoramic visit of the Great Mosque of Kairouan, Sacred Destinations : Great Mosque of Kairouan, Great Mosque of Kairouan (Qantara Mediterranean Heritage), Video of the mihrab of the Great Mosque of Kairouan, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Great_Mosque_of_Kairouan&oldid=995123092, 7th-century establishments in the Umayyad Caliphate, Articles with dead external links from June 2020, Articles with dead external links from September 2018, Articles with permanently dead external links, Articles with French-language sources (fr), Articles with dead external links from October 2017, Articles with dead external links from April 2019, Articles with dead external links from January 2020, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Enclosure and gates of the Mosque of Uqba, This page was last edited on 19 December 2020, at 10:21. However, Arab geographers and historians of the Middle Ages Al-Muqaddasi and Al-Bakrirep… Learn about its unique plan and influential design that was the model for later mosques in the region. [12] The front façade of the porch has a large horseshoe arch relied on two marble columns and surmounted by a frieze adorned with a blind arcade, all crowned by serrated merlons (in a sawtooth arrangement). As you wander the grounds of the Great Mosque of Kairouan in Tunisia you are treading across over a millennia of history. It is formed by an oven-shaped niche framed by two marble columns and topped by a painted wooden half-cupola. 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This is a retouched picture , which means that it has been digitally altered from its original version. [44], View of the courtyard on the side of the prayer hall facade, Porch topped with a ribbed dome rising in the middle of the south portico of the courtyard, Courtyard seen from one of the arched galleries, Portico located on the eastern side of the courtyard, Interior view of the eastern portico of the courtyard, Interior view of the western portico of the courtyard. [48] It is located inside the enclosure and does not have direct access from the outside. Now, however, it has white and yellow marble. [7] The fame of the Mosque of Uqba and of the other holy sites at Kairouan helped the city to develop and expand. The Great Mosque of Kairouan (Arabic: جامع القيروان الأكبر), also known as the Mosque of Uqba (جامع عقبة بن نافع), is a mosque situated in the UNESCO World Heritage town of Kairouan, Tunisia and is one of the most impressive and largest Islamic monuments in North Africa.[1]. The Great Mosque, also known as the Sidi Oqba mosque, had its simple beginnings in 670 AD, during the time of Uqba ibn Nafi, the original founder of Kairouan. The Great Mosque isn't close to anything in particular, but it's rich history and unique architecture are worth the long drive. Discover the architectural wonder and historical significance of this place of worship. In the courtyard there are also several water wells some of which are placed side by side. The oldest boards date back to the Aghlabid period (ninth century) and are decorated with scrolls and rosettes on a red background consists of squares with concave sides in which are inscribed four-petaled flowers in green and blue, and those performed by the Zirid dynasty (eleventh century) are characterised by inscriptions in black kufic writing with gold rim and the uprights of the letters end with lobed florets, all on a brown background adorned with simple floral patterns. It was built in stages over the course of almost two centuries. [88], At the time of its greatest splendor, between the ninth and eleventh centuries AD, Kairouan was one of the greatest centres of Islamic civilisation and its reputation as a hotbed of scholarship covered the entire Maghreb. 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