Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 66, 4855. a. which of the following statements concerning social categorization is correct? Group socialization and prejudice: The social transmission of intergroup attitudes and beliefs. True Alleviating womens mathematics stereotype threat through salience of group achievements. Patricia Linville and Edward Jones (1980) gave research participants a list of trait terms and asked them to think about either members of their own group (e.g., Blacks) or members of another group (e.g., Whites) and to place the trait terms into piles that represented different types of people in the group. c. wicked During training, he strived to improve his time by racing against a set time on the clock. Confusing one person with another: What errors reveal about the elementary forms of social relations. View Bus311.docx from BUSI 311 at Liberty University. Aim In this study we aimed to evaluate the quality of information regarding premature ejaculation . This finding is most consistent with: Which of the following groups is most likely to experience age-based prejudice? c. TV commercials. females as caregivers and males as workers." Mexicans in cities like Los Angeles and San Antonio end up living in segregated, high-poverty communities in which institutions, such as schools, have inferior resources and foster low expectations of their students; this situation may facilitate the categorization of Mexicans as a race. c. Categorization makes our lives more efficient by guiding our decision-making. Fyock, J., & Stangor, C. (1994). c. antimiscegenation d. pluralism. b. benevolent; hostile You can see that these social categorizations may create some potential for misperception, and perhaps even hostility. Ostrom, T. M., & Sedikides, C. (1992). In R. V. Kail (Ed. Define stereotypes and describe the ways that stereotypes are measured. This fits most closely with which of the following statements about racism? When a minority member experiences a microaggression, they Jane Collins, a woman married to Mark Sullivan, wants her potential employer to view her as To get around this problem, social psychologists make use of a number of techniques that help them measure these beliefs more subtly and indirectly. underrepresented in the media. Once we do so, we begin to respond to those people more as members of a social group than as individuals. Question 1 Which 3 statements regarding subaccounts are true? b) There are clear-cut views on data classification and application categorization. c. White women under age 35 Principles of Social Psychology by University of Minnesota is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License, except where otherwise noted. We sometimes think of our relationships with others at the individual level and sometimes at the group level. Neighborhood segregation has declined significantly over the past quarter century. People who sit farther away are assumed to be more prejudiced toward the members of the group. Which of the following minority groups is the largest? a. one-half of the girls heard discouraging, sexist comments about their science, math or athletic Of course, using social categories will only be informative to the extent that the stereotypes held by the individual about that category are accurate. c. patterns of discrimination are easily fixed by individuals. b. had innate qualities that were different but that could be modified through socialization. The social psychologist John Bargh once described stereotypes as cognitive monsters because their activation was so powerful and because the activated beliefs had such insidious influences on social judgment (Bargh, 1999). Word, C. O., Zanna, M. P., & Cooper, J. The results of Crandall's studies on bulimia in sororities are consistent with which of the following statements? The preinduction physical examination given by the U.S. Army involves the following seven activities: These activities can be performed in any order, with two exceptions: Medical history must be taken first, and Exit medical evaluation is last. In these procedures, participants are asked to make a series of judgments about pictures or descriptions of social groups and then to answer questions as quickly as they can, but without making mistakes. d. El Salvador, Unlike other Latino immigrants, these immigrants were mainly educated people from white-collar and professional backgrounds. c. serve to maintain the power imbalance between women and men. Which of the following would be an example of a situational attribution? women. Which statement is the BEST explanation of the fundamental attribution error? d. all of the above, Media define females, more than males, by their d. Whites may often benefit from it without even realizing it. d. none of the above. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 28(5), 659670. d. ethnicity. One day, the power goes out. Public opinion. Alex just made a situational attribution. Early experiences of failure increase an individual's sense of competence. Perform the indicated operation. The game is very close. c. William Julius Wilson Psychological Review, 100(1), 109128. False. c. Africans. a. Mexican Americans Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 73(2), 229241. 275292). IV. In some cases, these beliefs may be positive, and they have the effect of making us feel more confident and thus better able to perform tasks. Although either individual could afford to purchase a generator individually, they agree to split the cost of a generator because they love fish more than they dislike each other. d. Mexican Americans. a. c. Some Hispanics are white and some Hispanics are nonwhite. Because they are so highly cognitively accessible, and because they seem so right, our stereotypes easily influence our judgments of and responses to those we have categorized. b. Yaacov Trope and Eric Thompson (1997) found that individuals addressed fewer questions to members of categories about which they had strong stereotypes (as if they already knew what these people were like) and that the questions they did ask were likely to confirm the stereotypes they already had. relationships and domestic topics. d. modern sexism. What they have in common is that they are all forms of ________. d. African Americans, Which of the following Hispanic groups is the largest? School Liberty University - Lynchburg, VA. Dwayne 13 percent; 3 percent Brian believes that gender discrimination is no longer a problem in society. In other cases, stereotypes are maintained because information that confirms our stereotypes is better remembered than information that disconfirms them. d. minority group. Describe the fundamental process of social categorization and its influence on thoughts, feelings, and behavior. Categorization of individuals on the basis of multiple social features. social impairment b. d. Neighborhood segregation remains especially high in metropolitan areas. Ambivalent sexism refers to the combination of: Barden, J., Maddux, W. W., Petty, R. E., & Brewer, M. B. b. often get angry, making a mountain out of a molehill. b. from the middle 1960s to 1986 In this sense, the stereotypes are at least partly true for many of the members of the social category, in terms of their actual behaviors. b. Racist views distinguishing the descendants of Europeans from those of Africans became central to European racist attitudes. 44; 22 a. c. People assume that individuals in the same category share traits with one another. Conduct test at the 5% A social psychologist who is within earshot jots down a note so she can use the example in class. a. disablement a. Asian American women over age 35 New York, NY: Guilford Press. 2 He made a dispositional attribution. A man cuts in front of the line and drops his items on the counter. Once we begin to see the members of outgroups as more similar to each other than they actually are, it then becomes very easy to apply our stereotypes to the members of the groups without having to consider whether the characteristic is actually true of the particular individual. d. 94; 62, Cross-cultural research on ambivalent sexism showed that: A Feelings of hostility or anger directed against objects that are not the real origin of those anxieties is called a. transference. (1999). From Tajfel (1970). a. A., & Shelton, J. N. (2003). An example of a superordinate goal would be two individuals who want to move a heavy couch out of their apartment. Simplify the answer when possible . Judd, C. M., & Park, B. d. El Salvadorians, During World War II, _______ were made to report to "relocation centers," which were effectively concentration camps. Those who view the Mexican American population as stagnating argue that Mexicans are going through a process called It is separated from the lentiform nucleus by the internal capsule. And self-fulfilling prophecies are ubiquitouseven teachers expectations about their students academic abilities can influence the students school performance (Jussim, Robustelli, & Cain, 2009). c. have increased use of sexual imagery in recent years. a. spotlighting. d. projecting. Battling doubt by avoiding practice: The effects of stereotype threat on self-handicapping in White athletes. a. unmarried women. Adults tend to stereotype infants but not older children. The conclusion is simple, if perhaps obvious: Social categorization is occurring all around us all the time. Social categorization occurs spontaneously, without much thought on our part (Crisp & Hewstone, 2007). Aboud, F. E., & Doyle, A.-B. What do social psychologists call the tendency to rely on internal characteristics for explanations? One of the long-standing puzzles in the area of academic performance concerns why Black students perform more poorly on standardized tests, receive lower grades, and are less likely to remain in school in comparison with White students, even when other factors such as family income, parents education, and other relevant variables are controlled. B. Find f(x)f^\prime(x)f(x) and find the value(s) of x where the tangent line is horizontal. (Eds.). Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 27(4), 357378. a. Authoritarianism is not a characteristic of personality but reflects the values and norms of particular subcultures within the wider society. by pressing either the Yes button or the No button using either their left hand or their right hand. a. intelligence Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 39(5), 456467. Psychological Science, 14(3), 287290. If employees receive a contribution of 3% of total compensation, then an . Research has found that stereotype threat is caused by both cognitive and affective factors. b. 5. television. b. Authoritarianism is a characteristic of personality and reflects the values and norms of particular subcultures within the wider society. \end{array} a. displacement (1984). c. multiculturalism. d. Multiculturalism. d. poor diet. c. Asian women Furthermore, the categories are arranged such that the responses to be answered with the left and right buttons either fit with (match) the stereotype or do not fit with (mismatch) the stereotype. C. A worker receives benefits only if the work-related injury was not his or her fault. c. now have about equal numbers of male and female characters in basic readers and math I. b. African Americans a. prejudice. This prevents us from really learning about the outgroup members as individuals, and as a result, we tend to be unaware of the differences among the group members. ______ is a socially constructed category based on the belief in fundamental human differences associated with physical characteristics and ancestry. Looking for truth in all the wrong places? Alex says to his friend, "That man is incredibly rude." Once the participants are convinced that the researcher is able to assess their true attitudes, it is expected that they will be more honest in answering the rest of the questions they are asked because they want to be sure that the researcher does not catch them lying. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 38, 689703. . Ann Hopkins filed a lawsuit against Price Waterhouse asserting that her promotion for \. Figure 12.6 Current Stereotypes Held by College Students. movies, and theater Schaller, M., & Conway, G. (1999). b. unintelligent d. discrimination. Question: 3 points Save Answer Question 14 Which of the following statements regarding retirement trends is correct The savings rate in the United States has consistently been decreasing over the last 30 years. d. 26 percent; 18 percent. On which (if any) social categories do you categorize others? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 69, 797811. a. non-Hispanic whites 2 You believe that reality TV is for morons but are addicted to American Idol and watch every episode. Question 1 1 out of 1 points Which of the following statements about social categorization is incorrect? d. by attempting to act as if race does not exist, whites perpetuate inequalities. abilities 1. the standards and values of dominant groups 2. various groups' power within society 3. the standards and values of subordinate groups 4. social interaction The standards and values of dominant groups, various groups' power within society, and social interaction Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 35, 2924. Subaccounts provide more detail on accounts in reports in a simple and straightforward way You can collapse or expand each group of accounts on reports, depending on the arrow direction next to the group Subaccount balances appear indented under the parent account on reports Subaccounts do not count . On the other hand, sometimes these beliefs are negative, and they create negative self-fulfilling prophecies such that we perform more poorly just because of our knowledge about the stereotypes. c. across countries, men showed stronger hostile sexism than women did. Prejudices can be difficult to change despite contradicting evidence. b. discrimination. c. the same type of animals were depicted on the girl cards and the boy cards. B. automatic In fact, just knowing that stereotype threat exists and may influence performance can help alleviate its negative impact (Johns, Schmader, & Martens, 2005). b. Melting pot c. scapegoating a. white men and women If Franklin treats an individual differently than he normally would because of characteristics the individual shares with a certain group, then Franklin is __________. \boldsymbol{x}_{\boldsymbol{i}} & 1 & 2 & 3 & 4 & 5 \\ In 2019, approximately 53.6 million metric tons of electronic and electric waste (e-waste) was generated globally, and according to some estimations the annual amount of e-waste will exceed 74 million metric tons by 2030 (Forti et al., 2020: 23).Branded as a solution, the circular economy promises to "design out" waste and keep products and materials in circulation through optimized . The result? Which of the following statements concerning workers' compensation is NOT correct? Social psychology differs from psychology in its focus on ______. a. Asian American women are featured in greater numbers than are any other women of color. I start with some of the early challenges to the widely-employed philosophical method of casesthe very challenges that originally prompted the new movement of experimental philosophyand with some fundamental questions about the method that are yet to have been given satisfying answers. Although the meaning of the IAT has been debated (Tetlock & Mitchell, 2008), research using implicit measures does suggest thatwhether we know it or not, and even though we may try to control them when we canour stereotypes and prejudices are easily activated when we see members of different social categories (Barden, Maddux, Petty, & Brewer, 2004). In the climate of great uncertainty characterizing the COVID-19 pandemic, health communication played a significant role: several communicative strategies and channels were used to inform, educate and alert. c. projection. Entropy-related risks were soon translated into the "infodemic", a wide-spread phenomenon with psychosocial and cultural roots. Classification and quantitative judgment.